CTI for Men in Transition from a Shelter-Based Psychiatric Program, 1991-1996
This first randomized trial of the nine-month CTI model assessed its effectiveness in preventing homelessness among 96 men with serious mental disorder being placed into community housing from a large shelter in New York City. The men were followed up for 18 months. Funded by NIMH.
FINDINGS:
- Homelessness was reduced three-fold, and the effect persisted past the end of the active intervention. (Susser et al 1997)
- An economic analysis supported the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. (Jones et al 2003)
- Latent class growth analysis provided further evidence of the impact of CTI on reducing the risk of homelessness during the follow-up period. (Lennon et al 2005)
- Results from analysis of symptom data for 72 men showed that CTI was associated with a statistically significant decrease in negative symptoms. (Herman et al 2000)
Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S., Felix, A., Tsai, W., & Wyatt, R. (1997). Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men: a “critical time” intervention after discharge from a shelter. American Journal of Public Health, 87(2), 256-262.
Conover, S., Berkman, A., Gheith, A., Jahiel, R., Stanley, D., Geller, P. A., et al. (1997). Methods for successful follow-up of elusive urban populations: an ethnographic approach with homeless men. Bulletin of the NY Academy of Medicine, 74(1), 90-108.
Jones, K., Colson, P. W., Holter, M. C., Lin, S., Valencia, E., Susser, E., Wyatt, J.W. (2003). Cost-effectiveness of critical time intervention to reduce homelessness among persons with mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 54(6), 884-890.
Lennon, M. C., McAllister, W., Kuang, L., & Herman, D. B. (2005). Capturing intervention effects over time: reanalysis of a critical time intervention for homeless mentally ill men. American Journal of Public Health, 95(10), 1760-1766.
Herman, D., Opler, L., A Felix, Valencia, E., R Wyatt, & Susser, E. (2000). Critical time intervention: Impact on psychiatric symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(3), 135-140.
Schutt, R.K., Hough, R.L., Goldfinger, S.M., Lehman, A.F., Shern, D.D., Valencia, E., Wood, P.A. (2009). Lessening homelessness among persons with mental illness: A comparison of five randomized treatment trials. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2(3), 100-105.
